Local anesthesia for the dental hygienist, 2nd edition

Abstract

TABLE OF CONTENTS; I -- Introduction to Pain Control; 1 -- Local Anesthesia in Dental Hygiene Practice: An Introduction; Introduction; HISTORY OF PAIN CONTROL; History of Local Anesthetics. ANESTHESIA IN DENTAL HYGIENE PRACTICEPATIENT PERCEPTION OF LOCAL ANESTHESIA; HUMAN-NEEDS PARADIGM; Management of Fearful Patients; Stress Reduction Principles; 2 -- Neurophysiology; INTRODUCTION; ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM; Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems; Afferent and Efferent Divisions; Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems; NEUROANATOMY; Structure of Neurons; Classification of Neurons; Functional Regions of a Sensory Neuron; Dendritic (Input) Zone; Cell Body (Soma); Axon Hillock (Summation Zone); Axon; Output Zone (Synaptic Knobs); Peripheral Nerve Anatomy; Myelinated Nerve. Nonmyelinated NerveClassification of Nerve Fibers; Neurophysiology; Depolarization and Firing Thresholds; Repolarization; Return to Resting State; MODE OF ACTION OF LOCAL ANESTHETICS; II -- Local and Topical Anesthetic Agents; 3 -- Pharmacology of Local Anesthetic Agents; INTRODUCTION; CHEMISTRY; ROUTES OF DELIVERY; PHARMACODYNAMICS OF LOCAL ANESTHETIC DRUGS; Infection in the Area of Injection; Buffering of Local Anesthetics; MECHANISM OF ACTION OF LOCAL ANESTHETIC AGENTS; Specific Protein Receptor Theory; The Membrane Expansion Theory; PHARMACOKINETICS OF LOCAL ANESTHETIC DRUGS. Onset of ActionInduction of Local Anesthetics; Induction Time; Recovery from Local Anesthetic Block; Reinjection of Local Anesthetic; Duration of Anesthesia; Absorption of Local Anesthetics; Distribution of Local Anesthetics; Metabolism (Biotransformation) of Local Anesthetics; Ester Local Anesthetics; Amide Local Anesthetics; Excretion of Local Anesthetics; Systemic Effects of Local Anesthetics; Effect of Local Anesthetics on the Central Nervous System; Effect of Local Anesthetics on the Cardiovascular System; 4 -- Pharmacology of Vasoconstrictors; INTRODUCTION; CHEMISTRY. THE USE OF VASOCONSTRICTORS IN DENTISTRYEPINEPHRINE (ADRENALIN); Mechanism of Action; Epinephrine Dilutions; Sodium Bisulfite Preservative; Actions of Epinephrine on Specific Systems and Tissue; Termination of Action; Maximum Recommended Dose; LEVONORDEFRIN (NEO-COBEFRIN); Actions of Levonordefrin on Specific Systems and Tissue; Termination of Action; Maximum Recommended Dose; Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine); Felypressin; SIDE EFFECTS AND OVERDOSE OF VASOCONSTRICTORS; 5 -- Local Anesthetic Agents; COMPOSITION OF LOCAL ANESTHETIC AGENTS; SELECTION OF LOCAL ANESTHETIC AGENTS.