Knowledge and behavior towards COVID-19 in the northern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro – Brazil

Abstract

Introduction: Despite efforts by health organizations to share evidence-based information, fake news hindered the promotion of social distancing and vaccination during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study analyzed COVID-19 knowledge and practices in a vulnerable area in northern Rio de Janeiro, acknowledging the influence of the complex social and economic landscape on public health perceptions. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Novo Eldorado – a low-income, conflict-affected neighborhood in Campos dos Goytacazes – using a structured questionnaire, following the peak of COVID-19 deaths in Brazil (July–December 2021). Statistical tests were used to delineate profiles and evaluate knowledge and preventive behaviors associated with COVID-19. Results: This study involved a cohort of 156 participants, predominantly women (74%), with an average age of 53 years. Almost half of the participants were identified as single (48%), and more than half had not completed elementary school. Notably, 68% believed they were well-informed about COVID-19. The answers to the questionnaire revealed that the majority correctly identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a virus (65%); 72% recognized fever or cough as the main symptoms; and 71% recognized the importance of wearing masks. The overall mean score of the study was 7.628 (SD 1.583047). Social networks, especially ‘WhatsApp’ (65%), were the primary information sources. Those using social media or WhatsApp had higher knowledge scores (8.000 vs. 7.000, p = 0.0064). Conclusions: Involving marginalized communities and using social media to disseminate accurate information and trust in science is necessary to tackle COVID-19 challenges.