Effect of Intermittent Microwave Volumetric Heating on Dehydration, Energy Consumption, Antioxidant Substances, and Sensory Qualities of Litchi Fruit during Vacuum Drying

Abstract

To examine the processing characteristics and high quality of an improved microwave vacuum drying system, litchi fruits were dried using intermittent microwave volumetric heating while microwave vacuum drying at 2 W/g was carried out for comparison; the intermittent microwave heating profiles were set as (1) 5 min drying-on, 5 min drying-off; (2) 5 min drying-on, 10 min drying-off; and (3) 5 min drying-on, 15 min drying-off. Energy consumption during drying was determined, and physicochemical properties such as moisture content, vitamin C, total phenolics, color, and sensory evaluation of dried products were assessed. In microwave vacuum drying, intermittent microwave volumetric heating was found to be energy-efficient (about 32 KJ/g to 45 KJ/g) and saved at least 31% of energy consumption compared with microwave vacuum drying as well as decreasing product browning. In addition, microwave volumetric heating had no substantial effects on sugar and protein contents, while antioxidants were affected significantly (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, sensory evaluation showed that intermittent microwave-assisted vacuum drying (IMVD) increased the acceptance of the dried product compared with microwave vacuum drying (MVD).