Non-Pharmacological Interventions to Reduce Pain in Cystoscopy

Abstract

Objective: To generate an approach to non-pharmacological therapies that reduce pain during cystoscopy. Methods: We searched the literature to identify relevant articles regarding the topic, using as keywords: cystoscopy, pain, non-pharmacological therapy in cystoscopy and alternative therapies. The search was made through Medline and Embase. A narrative review was made. Results: Although flexible cystoscopy increases tolerance, especially in male patients, pain remains unavoidable during it. Different non-pharmacological interventions aimed at reducing pain and anxiety during cystoscopy have been studied, among which are: listening to music, taking the patient's hand, seeing the procedure in real time, increasing hydrostatic pressure, insufflation with air and hypnosis. Conclusion: These interventions could be used as adjuvants in the reduction of pain and anxiety during cystoscopy, mainly male. However, more studies are required to prove their appropriate clinical use.