Reconstruction of Indonesia’s Cyber Law System for Adaptive and Integrated Digital Crime Prevention in the Era of Technological Disruption

Abstract

The rapid development of information and communication technology has given rise to increasingly complex cybercrime phenomena that cross territorial, legal, and national jurisdiction boundaries. In Indonesia, the cyber law system still shows various weaknesses in terms of regulation, law enforcement, and protection of victims. Although there are several legal instruments such as the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (Law No. 1 of 2024) and the Personal Data Protection Law (Law No. 27 of 2022), these regulations have not fully addressed the dynamic digital threats that continue to evolve, such as AI-based crimes, ransomware, and misuse of personal data. Law enforcement also faces challenges due to limited human resource competencies, constraints in digital forensic technology, and weak inter-agency coordination. This situation is exacerbated by regulatory disharmony, resulting in legal vacuums and overlapping authorities among institutions. This study proposes the reconstruction of Indonesia’s cyber law system to be adaptive and integrated by promoting the formation of a National Cyber Law, strengthening the role of the National Cyber and Crypto Agency or Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara (BSSN), and establishing a unified task force to respond to cross-sector digital crimes. Using a normative juridical approach, this paper analyzes the urgency of developing a legal system that is not only responsive to technological developments but also ensures legal certainty and justice for all citizens in the digital space.