Fabrication and Testing Methods for Assessing Mechanical Properties of Luffa Fiber and Marine Shells Reinforced with Epoxy

Abstract

Natural fibers are an integral part of our lives, serving as the building blocks for a wide range of products that surround us daily. Derived from various plant and animal sources, these fibers have played a crucial role in human history, offering versatility, sustainability, and a unique connection to nature. Luffa fiber, also known as loofah or sponge gourd, is a natural plant-based material that has gained popularity for its various practical and sustainable applications Its benefits include biodegradable, versatile, natural exfoliation, absorbent, durable etc. Incorporating luffa fiber into composite materials offers a bridge between sustainability and innovation, potentially leading to lightweight, environmentally friendly, and high performance materials suitable for a range of applications. Epoxy resins were the preferred base polymer in approximately 53% of research studies, making them the most commonly used polymer type for Luffa fiber-reinforced composites. Marine shells, such as oyster shells, clam shells, and other mullusk shells, have gained attention as potential fillers in composite materials due to their unique properties and environmental benefits. These shells, which are abundant as byproducts of the seafood industry, can be repurposed as fillers to enhance the properties of composites. Utilizing marine shells as fillers provides a sustainable solution for repurposing waste materials that would otherwise end up in landfills or discarded. Here we are using the method called hand layup. The hand lay-up process is a widely used technique in the manufacturing of composite materials. It involves manually layering reinforcement materials, such as fibers, fabrics, or mats, within a Mold, which is then infused with resin to create a composite part. This process is commonly employed for producing components with relatively simple shapes and moderate production volumes. Impact testing and hardness testing is done. For Impact test increasing the percentage of fillers, such as marine shell powder, by increments of 10% enhances the energy absorption of the composite laminate relative to the applied load. Consequently, the addition of fillers optimizes the composite's overall properties. Based on the results of the hardness test, it can be inferred that composite laminates containing fillers exhibit greater hardness when compared to those without fillers. Thus, the inclusion of fillers enhances the overall properties of the composite material.