Effects of Metformin Among Type 2 Diabetes Pregnant Women: A Preliminary Study

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic but non-contagious metabolic disease that is characterized by elevated levels of blood sugar. In pregnancy it increases various risk factors, such as adverse maternal, fetal, obstetric, and neonatal consequences. Gestational diabetes (GD) is associated with abnormalities in placental development including impairments in trophoblastic differentiation. Insulin therapy is the best treatment for both mother and fetus. On the other hand, Metformin is an oral anti-hyperglycaemia agent that is commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D) pregnant and non-pregnant women worldwide. But its role in gestational diabetes management remains controversial. It prevents the production of hepatic glucose, increases fatty acid oxidation, enhances insulin sensitivity, decreases lipid synthesis, and impedes gluconeogenesis. From the scientific researches of scientists obtained that hypoglycaemia is not a concern of Metformin. In this review article the benefits and possible negative impacts of Metformin use during pregnancy are discussed in briefly.