Differences in glucose metabolic activity in liver metastasis separates two groups of metastatic uveal melanoma patients with different prognosis

Abstract

Background: Uveal melanoma metastasizes to the liver. We aimed to explore the metabolic activity of liver metastases (LM) as a biomarker for survival. Methods: We analyzed newly diagnosed patients with metastatic UM (MUM) with LM detected by liver-directed imaging and had undergone a PET/CT at diagnosis. Findings: 51 patients were identified between 2004 and 2019. Median age was 62 years, 41% male and 22% ECOG ≥1. LDH, ALP, and GGT were elevated in 49%, 37%, and 57% of patients. Median LM SUVmax was 8.5 (3–42.2). Same size lesions presented a wide range of metabolic activity. Median OS was 17.3 m (95% CI:10.6–23.9). Patients with SUVmax ≥8.5 had an OS of 9.4 m (95% CI:6.4–12.3), whereas patients with SUVmax <8.5 had an OS of 38.4 m (95% CI:21.4–55.5; p < 0.0001, HR = 2.9). We observed similar results when studying M1a disease separately. Multivariate analysis showed SUVmax as an independent prognostic factor for the whole population and those with M1a disease. Interpretation: Increased metabolic activity of LM seems to be an independent predictor of survival. MUM is a heterogeneous disease and metabolic activity probably reflects a different intrinsic behavior.