Realization of Electrically Small, Low-Profile Quasi-Isotropic Antenna Using 3D Printing Technology

Abstract

A 3D printed, low-profile, electrically small antenna with a quasi-isotropic radiation pattern is presented herein. It is composed of an electric meandered dipole antenna, and the extended arcs from the meander line mimicking the current flow of the loop antenna. A quasi-isotropic radiation pattern is achieved from the total current flow over the proposed structure. Modern stereolithographic 3D printing and nano-polycrystalline copper coating technologies are used to build a prototype. The measured antenna exhibits a good uniformity in terms of the radiation pattern with a maximum gain deviation of 4.5 dB at 959 MHz and a radiation efficiency of 81 %, close to the computed expectations. The electrical size of the antenna ka is 0.48, and its height is \lambda _{0} /82.32.