Antagonistic transcriptional regulation of the putrescine biosynthetic enzyme agmatine ureohydrolase by cyclic AMP and agmatine in Escherichia coli

Abstract

The putrescine biosynthetic enzyme agmatine ureohydrolase (AUH) (agmatinase; EC 3.5.3.11) catalyzes the conversion of agmatine to putrescine in Escherichia coli. The specific activity of AUH was determined in crude extracts prepared from wild-type strains and from strains with mutations of the adenylate cyclase gene (cya) or the cAMP receptor protein gene (crp) or both. In glucose minimal medium, a Δcya strain exhibited 70 to 90% higher AUH activity than a cya+ strain. Addition of 1 to 10 mM cAMP to cya+ and Δcya strains cultured in glucose repressed AUH activity in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of 1 to 10 mM cAMP to a Δcrp strain failed to repress AUH activity. Addition of agmatine resulted in a three- to fourfold induction of AUH in Δcya and Δcrp strains. This induction could be blocked by the addition of chloramphenicol. Simultaneous additions of various proportions of cAMP and agmatine resulted in reduced levels of induction and repression of AUH activity. This antagonistic regulation was shown to be exerted by independent mechanisms since AUH activity could be induced by agmatine in a Δcrp strain supplemented with cAMP. These results suggest that both agmatine and cAMP antagonistically regulate AUH activity at the level of transcription. In minimal medium supplemented with 1 mM putrescine, the strains did not exhibit repression of AUH activity. In contrast, in minimal medium supplemented with 1 mM ornithine or arginine, cya+ or Δcya strains exhibited induced AUH activity as a result of conversion of these substrates to agmatine. Further experiments in vitro demonstrated that the effects observed with cAMP, agmatine, and arginine were not post-translationally mediated.