Screening of Phytochemical Constituents in Ethanolic Extract from Astragalus spinosus Roots and Assessment of Its Anticancer, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities

Abstract

The study aims to analyze the chemical components of Astragalus spinosus roots extract after the ethanolic extraction process using techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, infrared, and UV-Vis spectroscopy to indicate the phytochemical content of the extract. The extract contained various compounds, including alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, and carboxylic acids. Flavonoid and phenolic content were measured by the colorimetric method and found to be 511.19±35.75 and 24.64±0.07 mg, respectively. Subsequently, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities were evaluated for the ethanolic extract. Antibacterial effectiveness was concentration-dependent against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans, showing optimal inhibition at 100 mg/mL with inhibition areas of 2.81±0.88 and 2.68±2.93 mm, respectively. Antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH with a 200 µg/mL of extract concentration, displaying maximum scavenging activity (71.85±6.43%) and FRAP activity (55.93±1.4%) at 0.64 µg/mL. The alcoholic extract exhibited decreasing vitality of (MCF-7) breast cancer cells as concentration increased, with viability reaching a minimum of 35.378 ± 5.072 at 400 μg/mL.