Towards a Sustainable Energy Future in Kosovo – Balancing Development, Environmental Concerns and Renewable Solutions

Abstract

This paper focuses on the multifaceted exploration of energy transition strategies in Kosovo, with a particular emphasis on the potential for repurposing degraded lands for renewable energy generation. As a developing nation grappling with increasing electricity demand and environmental concerns, Kosovo seeks to reconcile economic growth with ecological sustainability. The study examined the use of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems as a viable renewable energy source, utilizing Kosovo’s abundant sunshine and strategic location. The research identifies the Sibovc coal basin as a focal point, analyzing its potential for transitioning toward cleaner energy alternatives. By examining six potential areas, the study proposed implementing a pilot project within an 80 ha parcel, with prospects for future expansion. Importantly, the investigation underscores the significance of integrating degraded lands resulting from past mining activities into renewable energy infrastructure, thereby mitigating pollution and fostering sustainable development. Simulation results, obtained using PVsyst and RETScreen to evaluate the feasibility and environmental impact of solar PV installations, indicated promising outcomes. Projections suggest a substantial reduction in CO2 emissions through the establishment of PV solar parks. Furthermore, the research highlighted the growing demand for renewable energy solutions driven by advancements in technology and cost-effectiveness, emphasizing the potential of installing solar panels on degraded surfaces as a sustainable alternative. Through innovative approaches and strategic utilization of available resources, Kosovo strives to align with global sustainability goals and contribute to the broader discourse on climate action and energy transition.