Millets Based Integrated Farming System for Food and Nutritional Security, Constraints and Agro-Diversification Strategies to Fight Global Hidden Hunger: A Review

Abstract

Globally, there is an increase in hidden hunger; a type of malnutrition brought about by a lack of certain micronutrients (Mg, Na, K, Cu, Mn, Mb, Zn, Cr, Su, and Cl). This review tries to investigate the possibilities of millet-based integrated farming system as a tool to tackle this global menace. Small-seeded grains known as millets are renowned for their great nutritional value and resistance to a variety of agro-ecological situations. Millets are high in fibre, protein and micronutrients However, there has been a drop in consumption and cultivation of millets in many countries despite their nutritional potential because of a variety of issues which include: limited access to better seed varieties, a lack of post-harvest infrastructure, shaky market relations, and insufficient policy backing millet production and sales. This review tends to offer important suggestions for overcoming these limitations and encouraging agro-diversification initiatives. These suggestions are: stepping up research and development to improve the adaptability and nutritional value of millet varieties, putting policies in place that support millet marketing and production, setting up a productive post-harvest infrastructure, and raising consumer awareness of and demand for millet-based products. Moreover, encouraging cooperation among many stakeholders, which includes: farmers, researchers, policymakers, and consumers, is essential to create a favourable climate for the adoption and expansion of integrated agricultural systems based on millets. Conclusion: Embracing millets as a cornerstone of integrated farming systems will allow diversification of agricultural methods, which will improve ecosystem services such as soil health and biodiversity which can considerably help to combat hidden hunger and ensure global food and nutritional security.