Beyond Resistance Genes: Silencing Susceptibility

Abstract

The ongoing evolutionary struggle between crops and pathogens has highlighted the limitations of resistance gene (R gene)-based control, which often fails due to rapid pathogen adaptation. To address this, we must look beyond R genes and explore susceptibility genes (S genes) that pathogens take over during infection. Recent success stories suggest that S-gene manipulation can provide broad-spectrum resistance. However, moving this technology to the field requires careful balancing to ensure that plant fitness is not compromised. In this review, we focus on integrated multi-omics tools to identify new avenues for resistance, specifically the mechanisms of R-gene breakdown and the potential of omics-driven strategies for long-term crop protection.