Pengaruh pengelolaan agroekosistem terhadap kelimpahan kutu loncat jeruk Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

Abstract

Kutu loncat jeruk (KLJ) Diaphorina citri Kuwayama merupakan masalah serius pada tanaman jeruk karena menularkan penyakit huanglongbing (HLB). Praktik budi daya tanpa memperhatikan kompleksitas agroekosistem sering menyebabkan agroekosistem lebih sesuai untuk proliferasi serangga hama dan kurang ramah bagi musuh alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari efektivitas pengelolaan agroekosistem dibandingkan dengan pertanian konvensional dalam mengendalikan KLJ. Selain itu, pengaruh kedua perlakuan terhadap keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan musuh alami KLJ serta kejadian dan intensitas HLB juga dipelajari. Pengelolaan agroekosistem terdiri atas tindakan preventif dan responsif. Tindakan preventif dilakukan melalui sistem tanam polikultur, penanaman refugia dan legum penutup tanah, penyediaan jalur rumput, pemberian kapur pertanian, pupuk organik dan anorganik, pemangkasan jeruk secara intensif, pemeliharaan parit drainase, serta pengendalian gulma secara mekanis. Tindakan responsif merupakan pengendalian jangka pendek yang dilakukan ketika kelimpahan KLJ mencapai ambang tindakan. Tindakan responsif dilakukan melalui pengendalian hayati ataupun kimiawi. Sementara itu, pertanian konvensional merupakan serangkaian teknik budi daya dan pengendalian hama yang biasa diterapkan petani. Setiap perlakuan masing-masing diterapkan di tiga kebun Jeruk Siam Pontianak Citrus nobilis Lour. var. microcarpa Hassk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan agroekosistem lebih efektif mengendalikan populasi KLJ hingga kelimpahannya lebih rendah dan kurang berfluktuasi dibandingkan dengan pertanian konvensional. Selain itu, musuh alami KLJ pada pengelolaan agroekosistem lebih beragam dibandingkan dengan pertanian konvensional. Kelimpahan musuh alami KLJ serta kejadian dan intensitas HLB pada kedua perlakuan tidak berbeda nyata.Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is a serious problem in citrus because it transmits huanglongbing (HLB) disease. Agricultural practices without paying attention to the agroecosystem complexity often cause the agroecosystem more suitable for insect pests proliferation and less friendly to natural enemies. The research aims to study the effectiveness of agroecosystem management compared to conventional farming in the ACP control. The effects of both treatments on the diversity and abundance of ACP's natural enemies as well as the incidence and severity of HLB were also studied. Agroecosystem management consists of preventive and responsive actions. Preventive action was carried out through a polyculture system, planting refugia and legume cover crop, providing beetle banks, applying lime, applying organic and inorganic fertilizers, citrus pruning intensively, maintaining drainage ditches, and mechanical weed control. Responsive action is short-term control when the abundance of ACP reaches the action threshold. Responsive action was carried out through biological or chemical control. Meanwhile, conventional farming is a series of conventional farming and pest control techniques commonly applied by farmers. Each treatment was applied in three orchards of Siam Orange cv. Pontianak Citrus nobilis Lour var. microcarpa Hassk. The results showed that agroecosystem management was more effective in controlling the ACP population so that its abundance was lower and less fluctuated than conventional farming. ACP's natural enemies in agroecosystem management were also more diverse than conventional farming. The abundance of ACP's natural enemies and the incidence and severity of HLB in the two treatments were not significantly different.