A comparison of patients who developed venous leg ulceration before and after their 50th birthday

Abstract

Background: Although chronic venous ulceration (CVU) is often viewed primarily as a disease of the elderly, recent epidemiological data suggest that a significant proportion of patients first develop CVU before middle age. Such patients may represent a distinct group in terms of aetiology, natural history, prognosis and therapeutic options. Aim: To compare patients who developed CVU before (Group 1) and after (Group 2) their 50th birthday. Methods: One hundred and eighteen consecutive patients with "pure" CVU underwent history and examination, measurement of ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) and duplex ultrasound examination of the affected limb. Pure venous ulcers were defined as those of >4 weeks duration in the presence of venous reflux (>0.5) and in association with an ankle: brachial pressure index of >0.8. Results: Patients in Group 1 (n=54, 46%) were more likely to be male (32/54 [59%] vs 14/64 [23%], p<0.001 χ2), to have a higher median (interquartile [IQR]) body mass index (32 [27-39] vs 27 [23-34], p=0.003, Mann-Whitney U [MWU]), to have a history of deep venous thrombosis (23/54 [43%] vs 16/64 [25%], p=0.04 χ2) and of ipsilateral long bone fracture (13/54 [24%] vs 5/64 [8%], p=0.01, χ2), to have previously undergone venous surgery (27/54 [50%] vs 19/64 [30%] a median (IQR) of 11.5 (6.5-19) and 10 (2-20) years earlier respectively, and to have worse disease in terms of the duration of present ulcer (12 (6-36) vs 8.5 [3-18] months, p=0.035 MWU), the total duration of ulcer disease (216 [72-360] vs 48 [12-120] months, p<0.001 MWU), and the number of episodes of ulceration (3 [2-7] vs 1 [1-3], P=0.002 MWU). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the pattern and severity of venous reflux with 46/54 (85%) of Group 1 and 54/64 (84%) of Group 2 patients having surgically correctable superficial venous reflux. Conclusion: Patients who develop CVU before their 50th birthday appear to represent a distinct group in terms of aetiology, natural history and prognosis. The importance of thrombo-embolic prophylaxis in the prevention, and the detection and correction of superficial venous reflux in the treatment, of such ulcers is re-emphasised.