A Systematic Review on Enzyme Extraction from Organic Wastes and its Application

Abstract

Eco-enzymes or Garbage enzymes have emerged as a solution to managing organic wastes. These organic wastes containing carbon compounds are discharged from houses that ultimately end up in landfills. Eco-enzymes or Garbage enzymes are mainly concerned with the enzymes produced from the anaerobic fermentation of fresh vegetables or fruit wastes. The longer the fermentation period, the better its efficiency. This review is carried out with the intention of bringing forth all the enzymes isolated so far from household organic wastes and their various applications, including the microorganisms involved in the process. Production of Eco-enzymes or Garbage enzymes is very straightforward. It requires fresh vegetable and/or fruit wastes, a sugar source in the form of jaggery, molasses or brown sugar, water, and airtight plastic containers. These are mixed in a 3:1:10 ratio respectively and kept for three months, whereby through anaerobic fermentation, the wastes get converted to enzymes. After three months, this organic liquid loaded with hydrolytic enzymes can be used in a wide variety of ways. Applying Eco-enzymes or Garbage enzymes includes treating wastewater sludge as a potent disinfectant and fertilizer, antibacterial agent in endodontic treatments, and hand sanitizer. These bio-enzymes are a one-stop solution to managing many issues. From being a disinfectant and biofertilizer to having great potential in cleaning waste water while reducing the need for landfills that releases methane gases which play a significant role in global warming, it is a multipurpose liquid (Kirilmaz, 2022).