Excitation of giant dipole and giant quadrupole states in nuclei

Abstract

Calculations are presented for the excitation by protons of giant dipole (T = 1) and quadrupole (T = 0) states in nuclei. Two simple models are used for the transition densities and potentials in the dipole excitation. The usual deformed optical potential is applied to the quadrupole transitions. The strengths are determined by exhausting the linear energy-weighted sum rules. The relationship to the effective charges needed for transitions between low excited states is discussed. The isovector coupling potential is determined by analysis of (p, n) transitions to analog states. Comparison with data for 61 and 182 MeV protons shows the dipole excitation is too weak, but inclusion of the quadrupole state gives good agreement with the measurements. © 1972.