Orbital Fulde-Ferrell Pairing State in Moiré Ising Superconductors

Abstract

In this Letter, we study superconducting moiré homobilayer transition metal dichalcogenides where the Ising spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is much larger than the moiré bandwidth. We call such noncentrosymmetric superconductors, moiré Ising superconductors. Because of the large Ising SOC, the depairing effect caused by the Zeeman field is negligible and the in-plane upper critical field (Bc2) is determined by the orbital effects. This allows us to study the effect of large orbital fields. Interestingly, when the applied in-plane field is larger than the conventional orbital Bc2, a finite-momentum pairing phase would appear which we call the orbital Fulde-Ferrell (FF) state. In this state, the Cooper pairs acquire a net momentum of 2qB, where 2qB=eBd is the momentum shift caused by the magnetic field B and d denotes the layer separation. This orbital field-driven FF state is different from the conventional FF state driven by Zeeman effects in Rashba superconductors. Remarkably, we predict that the FF pairing would result in a giant superconducting diode effect under electric gating when layer asymmetry is induced. An upturn of the Bc2 as the temperature is lowered, coupled with the giant superconducting diode effect, would allow the detection of the orbital FF state.