A Digital Twin-Based Framework for Evaluating Last-Mile Collaboration Schemes with Electric Modular Vehicles

Abstract

This paper examines the distribution structure of a nationwide HoReCa company, appraising several distribution process modifications in line with the physical internet concept. Primarily, the study considers the service of electric vehicles with flexible cargo space and the utilization of a shared consolidation center within urban areas. The research leverages real-world operation data to evaluate the impact at the city and company level, and assess the effectiveness of these business models across four distinct scenarios. A digital twin incorporating customer behavior, operational choices, and stochastic events replication provides a fresh framework for evaluating shared last-mile logistics business models. Key contributions encompass results and managerial insights for implementing modular vehicles in HoReCa distribution systems, design elements for digital twins in shared urban consolidation and delivery systems, and a unified perspective for decision-making blending public and private sector needs.