Formação econômica do Espírito Santo: Do isolamento econômico à inserção aos mercados nacional e internacional

Abstract

Espírito Santo presents the highest level of economic openness among all states in Brazil, sustained by a portuary infrastructure relationed to extremely extroverted productive system. Result of multiple determinations that for the last 150 years have affected this little part of the brazilian territory, Espírito Santo's economy, however, was based, until the middle of the twentieth century, on small coffee properties whose production was commercialized from the capital city of Vitória. Its port has allowed the centralization of all the coffee produced in the different regions of the state, what had generated externalities that could be appropriated in the capital port when the industry has begun to arise influentiated by the activities of Companhia Vale do Rio Doce (since 1942) and by a system of fiscal incentives created in the 1960's. This issue major objective is to reconstitute the Espírito Santo economic trajectory between 1847 and 2010. 1847 is the start point because it marks the beginning of the foreign colonization process in the state and, that way, of the coffee production in small properties that has determined its economic dynamics until the 1950's. This process of colonization moved Espírito Santo from a condition of relative isolation and has generated the bases for its further development.