Structural and psychological empowerment among newly graduated nurses and related factors: A mixed methods study

Abstract

Aims: To discuss the levels of structural empowerment (SE) and psychological empowerment (PE) and the factors that influence perceptions of empowerment among newly graduated nurses (NGNs). Design: Mixed methods study. Methods: The quantitative part of the study was conducted with 220 NGNs with <1 year of job experience. The study was conducted between February and May 2023. Focus group discussions were conducted with 30 NGNs. Data were collected by using the Conditions for Work Effectiveness Questionnaire (CWEQ-II), the Psychological Empowerment Scale (PES) and a Semi-Structured Interview Form. Quantitative data were analysed using stepwise regression analysis. Content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. Results: CWEQ-II and PES were moderate. The regression analysis showed that NGNs' SE scores increased in association with the following factors, including an increase in the total score on the PES, being married/having a partner, working a day shift, having career planning, increased satisfaction with the orientation programmes of the institution and increased satisfaction with the employing institution. As a result of the descriptive analysis of the focus group interviews conducted to determine the empowerment perceptions of NGNs, we identified three contexts along with the associated themes and subthemes. These three contexts were the ‘concept of power’, ‘professional impression’ and ‘empowerment process’. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the SE and PE levels of NGNs are moderate, and their empowerment perceptions are influenced by many factors that can be individual, organizational and work environment relevant. Impact: This study's findings will guide policymakers, educators, researchers and administrators in empowering NGNs essential to the healthcare workforce. Reporting Method: The paper adheres to the COREQ checklist. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution.