Dust Growth by Accretion of Molecules in Supersonic Interstellar Turbulence

Abstract

We show that the growth rate of dust grains in cold molecular clouds is enhanced by the high degree of compressibility of a turbulent, dilute gas. By means of high-resolution (1024 3 ) numerical simulations, we confirm the theory that the spatial mean growth rate is proportional to the gas-density variance. This also results in broadening of the grain-size distribution (GSD) due to turbulence-induced variation of the grain-growth rate. We show, for the first time in a detailed numerical simulation of hydrodynamic turbulence, that the GSD evolves toward a shape that is a reflection of the gas-density distribution, regardless of the initial distribution. That is, in case of isothermal, rotationally forced turbulence, the GSD tends to be a lognormal distribution. We also show that in hypersonic turbulence, decoupling of gas and dust becomes important and that this leads to an even further accelerated grain growth.