The role of cesarean delivery in the management of fetal malformations

Abstract

Human development is an intricate and continuous process determined by genetics and environment. Major structural anomalies are recognized at birth in approximately 3% of all neonates.1Ultrasound resolution and accuracy continue to improve, thus allowing for early prenatal diagnosis. Utilization of this technology allows for maximization of management options for the patient and her caregivers. The first step with any prenatally diagnosed fetal malformation is to determine its prognosis. In general, invasive diagnostic testing should be offered as the risk of aneuploidy increases in the presence of congenital malformations. Early diagnosis and understanding of prognosis allow for discussions of in utero treatments, which may be available in certain centers, and also for condition-specific subspecialists to become involved in the patient’s care throughout gestation.