Multiple-antigen slide test for detection of immunoglobulin M antibodies in newborn and infant sera by immunofluorescence

Abstract

A microimmunofluorescence test was evaluated for use in measuring immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in infant sera to five of the agents implicated in congenital and neonatal disease. Pen point dots of Toxoplasma gondii, cytomegalovirus, rubella virus, herpes simplex virus, and chlamydial cell culture antigens were applied to each circle of eight-circle printed slides. These multiple-antigen slides greatly facilitated the screening of 607 sera from infants and 117 sera from mothers for the presence of IgM antibody to these agents. Forty sera could be examined microscopically in approximately 30 min. All sera reacting with one or more antigens were tested for rheumatoid factor by the latex method, absorbed with glutaraldehyde-cross-linked human IgG, and retested for the presence of IgM antibody. IgM antibody to cytomegalovirus was demonstrated in sera from four newborns, but IgM antibody to rubella virus could not be detected until 21 days after birth, although rubella virus was isolated from sera from five younger infants. This may indicate that rubella IgM levels in many congenitally infected newborns are too low to be measured by the immunofluorescence method. Five percent of the sera from infants in this study possessed demonstrable IgM antibody to one of the antigens.