Lattice widening in niobium-doped TiO2 nanotubes: Efficient ion intercalation and swift electrochromic contrast

Abstract

Widely accommodating: Novel TiO2/Nb nanotube layers (see picture, right) are grown on a titanium-niobium alloy. Niobium doping of TiO2 enlarges the cell parameters of the anatase lattice (left; Nb green, Ti gray, O red), facilitating the intercalation of H+ and Li+ ions, and even larger Na+ ions (blue) into the lattice. (Figure Presented) © 2008 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.