Use of radiotelemetry to assess perinatal cardiac function in the ovine fetus and newborn

Abstract

The late gestation fetal ECG (fECG) has traditionally been difficult to characterize due to the low fECG signal relative to high maternal noise. Although new technologies have improved the feasibility of its acquisition and separation, little is known about its development in late gestation, a period in which the fetal heart undergoes extensive maturational changes. Here, we describe a method for the chronic implantation of radiotelemetry devices into late gestation ovine fetuses to characterize parameters of the fECG following surgery, throughout late gestation, and in the perinatal period. We found no significant changes in mean aortic pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), or ECG in the 5 days following implantation; however, HR decreased in the first 24 h following the end of surgery, with associated increases in RR, PR, and QRS intervals. Over the last 14 days of fetal life, fetal MAP significantly increased, and HR significantly decreased, as expected. MAP and HR increased as labor progressed. Although there were no significant changes over time in the ECG during late gestation, the duration of the PR interval initially decreased and then increased as birth approached. These results indicate that although critical maturational changes occur in the late gestation fetal myocardium, the mechanisms that control the cardiac conduction are relatively mature in late gestation. The study demonstrates that radiotelemetry can be successfully used to assess fetal cardiac function, in particular conduction, through the process of labor and delivery, and may therefore be a useful tool for study of peripartum cardiac events.