A meta-analysis review of waste generation and collection in urban informal settlements South Africa

Abstract

This study critically examines the challenges of waste generation and collection in South Africa’s informal settlements, emphasizing the impact of inadequate waste management on environmental sustainability. As such, the current study conducted a systematic review to evaluate the generation and collection of waste in urban informal settlements in South Africa. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-analysis guidelines, a literature search was carried out in waste management. Findings reveal that infrastructural constraints (> 60%), such as limited access roads, and demographic factors (15%) are key determinants of ineffective waste collection (> 40%). Additionally, a lack of physical waste infrastructure (> 20%) and overpopulation (10%) exacerbate poor waste management practices. These challenges contradict the South African Constitution's mandate for a healthy environment for all citizens. The study underscores the need for a strategic, cost-effective waste collection approach that integrates socio-economic, environmental, and land-use considerations. It also advocates for policies to reduce rural–urban migration by fostering development in less-developed provinces. Furthermore, the establishment of a proactive human settlement department is recommended to enhance spatial planning and monitor settlement growth, ensuring sustainable urban development.