Land Use Land Cover Change Detection on Kanchinegalur sub watershed using GIS and Remote Sensing Technique

Abstract

Land use\Land cover is a vital component in understanding the interactions of the human activities with the environment and thus it is necessary to monitor and detect changes for the maintenance of sustainable environment. Land use Land cover change analysis is executed as part of current study on Kanchinegalur sub-watershed of Dharma Watershed, Hangal Taluk, Haveri District. Remote Sensing and GIS Technologies are incorporated in the study. Classification based on Land Use Land cover is performed over the temporal resolution from 2003 to 2015 using Survey of India (SOI) toposheets, LANDSAT-7 (2003 & 2015) and IRS-P6-LISS-III (2012) dataset. Maximum Likelihood method is used in supervised classification algorithm of image classification technique. Thematic maps are prepared using GIS software. Ground truth observations are used to validate the result of classification. Environmental impact assessment is essentially based on the efficient modelling and projection of land cover change. Exploitation of natural resources is increasing with the urban sprawl and has modified the pattern of land use and land cover. Rapid urbanization has led to reduction of natural resources such as forest land, water bodies and arable land. Government of India (GOI) collaborated with Government of Karnataka (GOK) to undertake the project Integrated Watershed Management, for improvising the agricultural land, arable land, forest land and to work on provision of better living condition for the people settled in the watershed. Current study is presenting the positive impact of work carried out as part of the project Integrated Watershed Management in Kanchinegalur sub-watershed of Dharma Watershed, Hangal Taluk, Haveri District, based on Land Use Land cover change detection study. Keywords: Land use Land cover, Change detection, GIS and Remote Sensing Technique, LULC study I. INTRODUCTION Watershed as a planning unit has been in practice since long. Watershed and Catchments have been recognized as important planning units for administrative purpose to preserve the precious worthwhile resources. Land use pattern has a robust effect on the hydrological characteristics and soil erosion parameters. The origination of watershed administration recognizes the connections between water, soil and Land use, and the linkage in the middle of uplands and downstream territories. The hypothesis of watershed has been in India for long; however, it gained importance since 1974 when the ministry of agriculture, Government of India (GOI) started the projects on soil and water preservation, draught alleviation, dry farming, flood control, hill area development, etc. This conception has gained impetus since then and hence, watersheds are being considered as the basis to prepare a characteristic assets database for successful arranging and practical advancement of area and water assets. Micro-watershed advancement includes improvement of area and water assets, change in the financial status of individuals and ideal asset utilization, and sustainable development of resources. The principle centre of development strategy is to minimize the danger to the agriculture and to give them area-specific technological packages, inputs and administrations to the farmers. Hence the importance should be given to the small area improvement taking micro-watershed as a unit of advancement. The advancement measures embraced in the micro-watersheds incorporating soil and dampness preservation, area forming, bunding, development of water collecting structures, ground water recharge structures and drainage line treatment structures. Watershed development at micro-level helps in conservation of soil moisture. In rain-fed areas, development of water storage structures provides lifesaving irrigation during moisture stress. It helps in raising the water table to secure and to improve drinking water sources and to give defensive watering system.