Comparison of Surface Roughness of Different Bulk-Fill Composite Materials Using One-Step Polishing Systems (An In-Vitro Study)

Abstract

Surface qualities for resin composite restorations are important factors for any successful restoration. Thus, finishing and polishing procedures are paramount to achieving acceptable aesthetics and guaranteeing the longevity of composite restorations. This in-vitro study aimed to evaluate the influence of a one-step polishing system on the surface roughness of three bulk-fill composite resin materials. This article provides a new view into the effects of finishing and polishing on bulk-fill composites, which has received very little research. Hence, this in-vitro study was conducted to extensively evaluate the impact one-step polishing technique has upon the three bulk-fill composite resin materials' surface roughness. A total of thirty discs were prepared from three commercial resin composite [Filtek One Bulk-Fill (3M), Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill (Ivoclar Vivadent), and Ecosite Bulk-Fill(DMG)] using a stainless-steel flat washer. The composite material was condensed within a mold and cured with light Intensity 1000 mw/cm for 20 seconds. All specimens were divided into three groups (n = 10): (1) EvoCeram, (2) Ecosite group, and (3) Filtek group. A single operator polished all specimens. The top surface of each sample was finished with a fine-grit tungsten carbide bur (X-mas Tree with Safe End, NTI-Kahla GmbH, and Germany) for 30 seconds. Then all specimens were polished for 30 seconds by using the OneGloss one-step polishing system. A calibrated mechanical profilometer was used to measure the Ra for each material. The lowest roughness value (0.19) was observed for the composite resin Tetric EvoCeram (Ivoclar). One-way ANOVA and LSD test showed significant differences among and between all experimental groups. Therefore, Tetric EvoCeram had the only clinically acceptable Ra values.