Development of greater Surabaya metropolitan 2000–2023: metropolitan understanding using functional urban area at village scale

Abstract

Introduction – Gerbangkertosusila metropolitan (Gresik–Bangkalan–Mojokerto–Surabaya–Sidoarjo–Lamongan) or Greater Surabaya Metropolitan represents a unique case of industry-based metropolitan development in Indonesia. Unlike many previous studies focusing on major metropolitan like Jabodetabek. Objective – This research uncovers the dynamics of a secondary metropolitan with distinctive development characteristics. Methods – This study examines spatial development patterns and the factors causing inter-regional inequality during the 2000-2023 period through an innovative approach that integrates land-use change analysis with the identification of urban characteristics at the village scale. Results and discussion – The contribution of this research are: (a) provide spatial development analysis of non-primary metropolitan in the country of global south, especially about linkage of industry toward metropolitan development; (b) integration analysis of land cover change and characteristic of FUA at village scale in the long range period; (c) provide recommendation related to inequality of development in Gerbangkertosusila Metropolitan, which also has geographically separated area. The research findings show that only 19.10% of the Gerbangkertosusila metropolitan is urban, while 42.78% remain suburban, indicating that equitable functional integration has not yet been achieved. The development of this metropolitan also shows three development patterns: (1) linear expansion along major transportation corridors, (2) concentration of economic activities around growth centers, and (3) stagnation in peripheral areas. A key finding that distinguishes this research from previous studies is the identification of a more extreme development gap between the core and periphery, as well as the stronger influence of industrial dominance compared to other urban factors. Conclusion – The proposed policy implications include: (1) strengthening upstream-downstream industrial linkages between regions, (2) developing secondary city centers of metropolitan based on local potential, and (3) infrastructure development strategies that support functional integration of metropolitan area.