Exosome DNA: An untold story of cancer

Abstract

Exosome is nanosized tiny membrane-bound vesicles and is a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles (EVs). In general, it participates in intercellular communication and acts as a messenger of several pathological complications. Exosome and cancer interlink is the most exciting domain of current cancer research. The internal molecular cargos (proteins, lipids, metabolites, miRNA, and DNA) of tumor derived exosomes (TEXs) are capable of transforming normal cells into tumor phenotypes. Exosome DNA is the less explored area of EVs research. It is involved in several events in cancer progression such as uncontrol cell growth, reprogramming of immune cells, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Exo-DNA is also involved in epigenetic alteration, which promotes cancer. It has a great impact on cancer theranostics (biomarker and therapeutics) research. Exo-DNA-based cancer examination supports more detailed cancer research.