Aplicação de baixas doses de radiação ionizante no fruto brasileiro tucumã (Astrocarium vulgare Mart.)

Abstract

The tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.) is a native fruit of Amazônia, occurring mainly in the state of Pará, but also found in the Brazilian northeast states and in the Brazilian central-western states. The tucumã is considerated an excellent source of carotenoids with a very high concentration of β-carotene, which is a precursor of vitamin A. In addition to carotenoids it is an important source of vitamin B2 (riboflavin) in fruits. This study aimed to analyze the effects of gamma radiation on the nutritional value of tucumã. The fruits were irradiated at doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 kGy irradiator with a source of cesium 137. The carotenoids were determined by spectrophotometry. The analysis of α and β-carotene, thiamin, riboflavin were carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The β-carotene accounts for 80% of total carotenoids in tucumã, and with a dose of 2 kGy, it showed the highest reduction of β-carotene, about 7.5% in relation to the control. The tucumã fruit showed high levels of riboflavin from 0.183 to 0.222 μg 100 g-1, and maintained stability after the gamma radiation process. However, it had low levels of thiamine from 0.050 to 0.033 μg 100 g-1, and irradiated at a dose of 2 kGy showed significant reductions of thiamine, about 34% in relation to the control.