PATRONES DE COMUNICACIÓN DOMINANTES EN EL CONOCIMIENTO Y EMPLEO DE LOS MÉTODOS ANTICONCEPTIVOS EN ADOLESCENTES

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the communication patterns, knowledge and use of contraceptive methods of adolescents in a public school. The concepts used were adolescence, knowledge, contraceptive methods and communication patterns. The design was descriptive, transversal and correlational, with random, probabilistic sampling, the sample was stipulated based on a confidence level of .95, a sample of n=215 is obtained. The instrument used 6 ítems with sociodemographic data and 39 ítems distributed in 24 ítems for knowledge with dichotomous answers, five for using methods with multiple answers and ten ítems for communication patterns with dichotomous and Likert type responses. The results show that among the respondents the female sex predominated in 50.7%. The level of schooling was 37.7% for the second, 35.3% third and the rest for the first year. In knowledge it is observed that 4.2% have excellent knowledge in contraceptive methods (CI=1.9312-1.9851), 58.6% good (CI=1.3476-1.4803), and 35.8% showed regular and deficient knowledge (CI=3.5579-3.7258). ). In contraceptive use if 37.7%, and 62.3% do not use (IC=1.5580-1.6885). The communication patterns 44.1% of respondents consider that the influential person in the decision making about sexuality are parents and teachers, 12.1% consider that by themselves, 34.2% consider that the Internet, the friends with a 6.3% and finally the communication mechanisms (3.3%). Social networks were the most demanded by teenagers in 71.6% and Facebook occupied 77.3%, followed by Instagram (17%). The most used means of communication outside the Internet to learn about contraceptive methods were magazines or brochures in 57.1%. In the Spearman correlation, it is observed that age had a negative association with good perception towards reproductive health (rs=-.209, p=.01) as well as in the use of contraceptive methods (rs=-.196, p=.01). The global knowledge on contraceptive methods had a positive and very significant relationship with the perception of reproductive health taking into account the communication patterns used (rs=.820, p=.01).