How to monitor and advise vegans to ensure adequate nutrient intake

Abstract

Clinical Question: Do nutritional risks exist for vegans? Evidence: Vegans may be at increased risk for deficiencies in vitamin B12, iron, calcium, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and protein; however, implications are not always clear. Recommendation: Physicians should encourage vegan patients to vary their sources of nutrients. Periodic monitoring of serum nutrient levels is also recommended.