Clinical evaluation of xylazine-butorphanol-guaifenesin-ketamine as short-term TIVA in equines

Abstract

Xylazine (1.1mg/kg), butorphanol (0.02mg/kg), guaifenesin 5 (20mg/kg), and ketamine (2.2mg/kg) combinations were able to induce short-term surgical anaesthesia for 23.33 ± 2.57min in Spiti ponies with excellent to good muscle relaxation and analgesia. Urination and neighing was a constant feature during recovery period. Biphasic P wave, biphasic T wave, and depressed PR segment were common electrocardiographic findings. Biochemical attributes were within physiological limits except a significant increase in ALT values during anaesthesia. The values returned to normal during recovery ruling out any renal or hepatic toxicity. Occasionally, negative T wave, notched P wave, and sinus block were noticed. It is recommended that the anaesthetic combinations xylazine-butorphanol-guaifenesin-ketamine can be safely used for short-term total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) in equines under field conditions. © 2011 Bhanu Partap Singh Thakur et al.