An integrative review of self-efficacy: What factors enhance and impair it?

Abstract

This paper studies and analyzes self-efficacy with previous empirical research to find out and understand the factors that influence the strengthening and weakening of self-efficacy. The analysis that the authors conducted include the fields of education, health, leadership, and psychology. The sample articles for this study were academic papers obtained from the Google Scholar search engine and other sources including Sage, Routledge (Taylor & Francis), Elsevier, Springer, Eric, and Scopus. The author uses an integrated review method, a total of 20 papers were analyzed. This study has two conclusions, namely (1) factors such as feelings of fair treatment, well-organized activities, programs designed according to participant characteristics, stress at a manageable level of thinking, appropriate load, sense of expectation, and good experience, can increase self-efficacy, (2) on the contrary, feelings of discrimination, many problems that are difficult to overcome, lack of support, and a burdensome environment can damage self-efficacy.