The Effect of Spatial Input Data Quality on the Performance of the SWAT Model

Abstract

Soil and land use information are important inputs for physically-based hydrological modeling such as SWAT. Although fine resolution local or regional data are often preferred for modeling, it is not always reliable that these data can lead to better model performance. In this study, we investigate the effect of input data on the sensitivity and uncertainty of the SWAT model in the Porijõgi catchment in Estonia. We created four model setups using global/regional level data (HWSD soil and CORINE) and local high-resolution spatial data, including the Estonian high-resolution EstSoil-EH soil dataset and the Estonian Topographic Database (ETAK). We employed statistical criteria to assess SWAT model performance for monthly simulated stream flows from 2007 to 2019. The results illustrated that models with high-resolution local soil data performed lower than models with global soil data, but in contrast, in the case of land use datasets, the local high-resolution ETAK dataset improved performance over the CORINE data.