Fragmentation and embolization of pacemaker leads as a complication of lead extraction

Abstract

Fragmentation and embolization of permanent pacemaker (PPM) leads into the pulmonary circulation is a rare complication of lead extraction procedures. We present two cases of lead tip embolization in patients undergoing lead extraction. The literature pertaining to the incidence and management of lead fragmentation and embolization is discussed. © The Author 2010.