Decomposition and characterization of bio-oil from coconut shell waste for bio-coke hybrid application as alternative energy resources

Abstract

Bioenergy sources continue to be developed to solve environmental problems due to agricultural biomass waste and alternative energy sources. Bioenergy from biomass raw materials through the pyrolysis method is a thermochemical conversion technology that produces bio-oil and bio-char. The conversion process of coconut shell (CS) biomass with a size of 60 mesh at a temperature of 500-700°C without adding a catalyst. The results showed that the optimum decomposition process occurred at a temperature of 700°C. Based on the GC-MS analysis of bio-oil from CS, the compound consisting of 58.18% phenol, 18.86% 2.6 dimethoxy-phenol, 1.35% 1-(acetyloxy)-2-propanone, 6.57% 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxytoluene and 2.55% 4-ethyl-2,6-methoxy-phenol was obtained. While the SEM-EDS characterization of bio-char contains the main constituent elements, including 94.37% carbon and minor elements consisting of 5.50% oxygen, 0.09% sodium and 0.05% chlorine. Comprehensive analysis shows that pyrolysis is an efficient and sustainable method for converting CS biomass into material for hybrid bio-coke applications as an alternative renewable energy source.