Efficacy of Dulaglutide as a First Injectable Option for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Post-Hoc Pooled Analysis

Abstract

Introduction: The ADA-EASD consensus report recommends using glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) as the first injectable therapy prior to basal insulin in most patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) not at glycemic goals after oral anti-hyperglycemia medications (OH). The objective of this analysis was to assess the glycemic efficacy of once-weekly dulaglutide 1.5 mg in patients with T2D when added on a background of commonly used OH regimens. Methods: Patients from seven phase 3 AWARD [Assessment of Weekly AdministRation of LY2189265 (Dulaglutide) in Diabetes] trials, where once-weekly dulaglutide 1.5 mg was added to OHs, were pooled into the following categories based on OH regimens: metformin (MET), sulfonylurea (SU), MET + SU, MET + pioglitazone, and MET + SGLT2i. Change from baseline in glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting serum glucose and body weight, proportion of patients reaching target HbA1c < 7%, and safety parameters were assessed. Results: A total of 1784 patients treated with once-weekly dulaglutide 1.5 mg were included in this analysis. Baseline characteristics of the overall population were (mean ± standard deviation): age, 55.4 ± 9.8 years, HbA1c: 8.2 ± 1.0%, body mass index: 31.4 ± 5.4 kg/m2, duration of diabetes: 8.0 ± 5.6 years, and 878 (49.2%) were female. At 6 months, the addition of once-weekly dulaglutide 1.5 mg to various OH regimens significantly reduced HbA1c (− 1.3 to − 1.6%) and fasting blood glucose (− 29 to − 45 mg/dl) from baseline in all groups (p < 0.001), with 39–61% and 52–76% of these patients achieving HbA1c targets of ≤ 6.5% and < 7%, respectively. Significant reductions in body weight (− 0.8 to − 2.9 kg) were also observed in all groups (p < 0.001). Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea were reported by 10–35%, 4–19%, and 6–28% of patients, respectively. Severe hypoglycemia occurred in one patient (MET + SU). Conclusion: The addition of a once-weekly GLP-1RA, dulaglutide, demonstrated clinically meaningful HbA1c reduction in patients with T2D on different background OH regimens, making it an effective first injectable option. Funding: Eli Lilly and Company.