Prisoners' Perceptions and Their Agency on Sustainability Transformation in Finland

Abstract

Sustainability transformation is essential for our time, requiring the involvement of all citizens. Several prisons worldwide have developed various sustainable development (SD) programs for prisoners. However, it remains unclear how prisoners perceive SD, which can be a significant obstacle to their agency. This study explores the perceptions of individuals imprisoned for more than 2 years regarding the environmental, economic, cultural, and social aspects of SD and their potential to influence and implement sustainability activities. Qualitative interview data (N = 8) were collected from three Finnish prisons in October 2024 and February 2025. The data were analyzed using inductive systematic thematic analysis, resulting in five themes. Prisoners' perceptions of sustainability vary widely, from personal sustainability actions to larger global perspectives. While prison structures were seen as significant barriers to participation, small-scale activities were still valued. The findings emphasize the need to promote inclusive practices and critical engagement within prisons to aid rehabilitation and to recognize prisoners as moral and political agents.