Características morfológicas y morfométricas de la placenta de término, en recién nacidos pequeños para la edad gestacional (PEG) en la ciudad de Temuco-Chile

Abstract

The placental metabolism, the exchange of substances and the production of hormones are vital functions of the placenta to maintain and promote the normal development of the fetus. There are risk factors that disrupt this pattern in the case of intrauterine growth retardation, whose outcome will be a small for gestational age (SGA) newborn having a higher morbidity, physical and intellectual growth pledged and greater probability of develop different pathologies during adulthood. The aims of this study are: 1. -recognize the morphometric parameters differences as the área of the villi, the área of the vessel, the number of vessels and the área of placental syncytiotrophoblast SGA in connection with placentas of newborns AGA and 2.- relate the diagnosis of neonatal SGA with morphometric characteristics. We used 25 placenta at term (37-42 weeks), 12 newborns appropriate to the gestational age (AEG), and 13 small for gestational age infants (SGA). The samples were obtained from the Maternity Hospital Hernán Henriquez Aravena of Temuco, Chile IX Región. In each placenta two segments were taken from the subchorionic píate to the basal píate and then were fixed in 10% formalin buffered. The histological techniques used were H- E Alcián blue, Masson's Trichromic, Pas-hematoxylin Pas-diastase. The área of the villi showed significant differences between the control group (AEG) and the PEG group with p = 0.0194. In the group of PEG the área of vessels was significantly higher, with a valué of 234.05 mm2 compared with the control group whose average was 150.99 mm2 (p = 0.0001). The number of blood vessels for free villi sampling not significant differences. Regarding the area of syncytiotrophoblast the difference was not significantly (p = 0.1410). In conclusión it was determined that PEG newborns placenta showed significant differences at the blood vessel área and free chorial villi área in relation to the AEG placenta.