Achievements, challenges and opportunities of rainwater harvesting in the Ethiopia context: A review

Abstract

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is a novel way for developing countries to construct and maintain long-Term water supply systems. As a result, this review paper draws on actual findings and lessons learned from various places in Ethiopia to assess the country s achievements and opportunities when it comes to RWH, as well as to guide future alternatives toward its sustainability. RWH acts as to help throughout the rainy season s dry spells, as a potential asset for the dry season, aiding human and livestock consumption as well as crop production through irrigation. So, for successful well-organized rain water collection, watershed treatment, seepage and evaporation control, soil and water conservation, conservation tillage, and integration of low-cost water lifting techniques and family drip systems should all be undertaken. Given that the country has not been significantly modernized, it has outdated experience in the operation and exploitation of RWH systems. Aside from financial inadequacies, historical and political instability, lack of understanding among farmers, and resistance to new technologies, the country has opportunities and has made some progress on RWH systems. In general, RWH could enable smallholder farmers to diversify their crops, thereby enhancing household food security, dietary status, and economic return. In addition, the much-needed green revolution and climate change adaptations should combine RWH ideas with agronomic principles in the country. More work is needed to strengthen indigenous practices and share best practices to a larger scale.