A Descriptive Study of Human Fascioliasis in Qaemshahr, Mazandaran Province, Iran: Its Prevalence and Risk Factors

Abstract

Background: The zoonotic disease fascioliasis is one of the major health problems and a major economic problem with worldwide distribution. In some parts of Iran, the prevalence of human fasciolosis has increased over the past decades. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of human fasciolosis in Qaemshahr, Mazandaran Province, and determine the epidemiological factors associated with the disease. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 2,418 serum samples were collected from different parts of Qaemshahr, Mazandaran province, and stored at-20°C until further use. The anti-Fasciola IgG antibodies were evaluated using the ELISA method. The de-mographic factors of the individuals were collected through questionnaires. Results: Anti-Fasciola hepatica antibodies were detected in 60 (2.48%) individuals using ELISA method. Regarding the Fasciola seropositivity, significant differences were observed between age, gender, farmers, consumption of spring water, raw vegetables, anthelminthic drugs, and patients with a history of jaundice (P < 0.05), while no significant correlation were found between anti-Fasciola IgG positivity and consumption of traditional appetizers such as Dalal or processed olive, abdominal pain, patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, in housewives and administrative employees (P > 0.05). Conclusions: We found that 2% of people in Qaemshahr are seropositive for Fasciola infection. Integrated prevention and control strategies are the most effective solution for a decrease in the prevalence of fasciolosis in Qaemshahr, Mazandaran Province.