Trends in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hospitalization and Prognosis: Gender Effect

Abstract

We here aimed to investigate the impact of gender on the clinical characteristics and laboratory results of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and provide clues to the pathological mechanisms underlying COVID-19. A retrospective study was performed. Clinical characteristics, severity of lung infection, laboratory results, and prognoses of patients of different gender were analyzed. A total of 242 patients were finally included. The median age was 58 years (IQR: 40–68), including 54 (22.3%) hospital staffs. Ninety-four (38.8%) were male and 148 (61.1%) were female. The proportion of patients with diabetes was significantly higher in the male group than in the female group (P=0.034). Male patients had a significantly larger proportion of severe lung infection, higher leukocyte count, neutrophil count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin than female. Furthermore, male patients had worse liver, cardiac, and coagulation function than their female counterparts. Male patients with COVID-19 showed more severe inflammation reaction and coagulation dysfunction than female patients. In conclusion, gender is associated with host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.