ORIGINS OF MINDFULNESS & MEDITATION INTERPLAYOF EASTERN & WESTERN PSYCHOLOGY

Abstract

“The East and the West must unite to provide one another with what is lacking” Abdu'l Baha in Sinha & Sinha, 1997 Mindfulness & meditation are gaining popularity in the West­ern psychological practice in the past 4-5 decades, especially within psychotherapeutic approaches, health promotion, and stress reduction. The origins and the broader context, however, seem to be overlooked in some of these practices. This article focuses on the origin of these phenomena in the first part, as it is important for both their interpretation and appli­cation in the current Western context. As these practices, entered Western psychology through India, basic assumptions about hu­man nature in Indian psychology, monoism of body-mind, cen­trality of consciousness and meditation as a part of daily conduct are presented. The basic constructs of Buddhism, an integral part of Indian psychology, in relation to mindfulness and meditation, are also delineated as illustrations of these assumptions. The second part reflects on the application of the meditative practices through cognitive existential study of mindfulness (Ka­bat-Zinn, 2003) and a study on the phenomenology of medita­tion (Madsen, 2007). Both emphasize an experienced instructor, regular practice as a part of daily life, conceptual consciousness understandings for beneficial effects of these practices. The last part reflects critically on perils of mindfulness and meditation in the context of modernity. There is an appeal for considering these as a part of daily life, not just a technique, along with considering their origin and aspects such as spiritu­ality considered as compassion and interconnectednes, spiritua­lity as compassion, interplay between the Eastern and Western psychological understandings and the broader context.