Biomaterials: A Sustainable Solution for a Circular Economy †

Abstract

A few of the reasons behind the introduction of the concept of biomaterials, such as biopolymers to address problems like plastic pollution, include a lower reliance on fossil resources, reduced carbon emissions, a focus on non-renewable resource allocation, and, most importantly, promoting a circular economy. The high production cost is a hindrance in scaling up the production and market for biobased and biodegradable plastics, but microbial production of such monomers or polymers using easily available and inexpensive substrates, like waste streams, can be seen as a potential strategy to overcome this challenge. These polymers, with properties similar to conventional plastics, can be applied as alternatives in different sectors. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), climate change now requires immediate mitigation. Looking at this need, the construction industry has started using biobased materials to focus on reducing CO2 emissions. Similarly, the improved barrier, mechanical, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties; biocompatibility; and biodegradability of biomaterials like PLA, PHA, etc., make them suitable for various other sectors. The present paper will focus on highlighting the multi-functionality of such biobased materials that will further open many opportunities for significant innovation.