Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling: Components, Mechanisms, and Diseases

Abstract

Signaling by the Wnt family of secreted glycolipoproteins via the transcriptional coactivator β-catenin controls embryonic development and adult homeostasis. Here we review recent progress in this so-called canonical Wnt signaling pathway. We discuss Wnt ligands, agonists, and antagonists, and their interactions with Wnt receptors. We also dissect critical events that regulate β-catenin stability, from Wnt receptors to the cytoplasmic β-catenin destruction complex, and nuclear machinery that mediates β-catenin-dependent transcription. Finally, we highlight some key aspects of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human diseases including congenital malformations, cancer, and osteoporosis, and discuss potential therapeutic implications. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.