Aspectos históricos y epistemológicos de la planificación para el desarrollo

Abstract

This review describes from a historiographical perspective, some planning backgrounds. It makes an overview of the major moments of the topic occurred in the former Soviet Union, Europe and Latin America. It is shown how the development of planning has been determined by aspects of political nature associated with the type of State (universalist/minimalist), the model of development (socialist/capitalist in its various strands), the political regime (democratic/ authoritarian), and the relationships among social actors with different degrees of power. Finally, the article takes into consideration some epistemological elements of planning and the main currents that coexist nowadays, showing the predominance of retraction of the State in the autonomous and sovereign planning of social affairs, the continuity of developmental conceptions focused on economic growth that expresses a lack of understanding of the social problems, and evidence the change in the role of the State toward options that legitimize the governance.